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{{Topic}}The [[CYP1A2]] gene encodes a member of the cytochrome p450 family of proteins, which metabolize nutrients and drugs. One well known substrate of CYP1A2 is [[caffeine]]; individuals who are carry one or more CYP1A2*1C alleles are "slow" caffeine metabolizers, whereas carriers of the variant CYP1A2*1F are "fast" caffeine metabolizers. The same amount of caffeine will therefore tend to have more stimulating effect on CYP1A2 slow metabolizers than on CYP1A2 fast metabolizers. CYP1A2 can also be stimulated or inhibited by numerous medications and food-drug interactions. Fluoroquinolones, for example, are both metabolized by, and inhibit, the CYP1A2 enyzyme. This can slow the breakdown of caffeine, for example, leading to caffeine overstimulation. Conversely, smoking is a well-known activator of CYP1A2 (especially the CYP1A2*1F form), resulting in faster breakdown of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 and the possibility of insufficient drug concentrations in the body to yield much therapeutic benefit. [[Ciprofloxacin]] is metabolized by CYP1A2 Alleles of [[CYP1A2]] include: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Allele Name ! Rs# ! Comments ! Platforms |- | CYP1A2*1 | n/a | the prototypical allele |- | CYP1A2*1C | [[rs2069514]] | decreased activity; also known as -3860G>A | {{#show:Rs2069514|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*1D | [[rs35694136]] | | {{#show:Rs35694136|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*1F | [[rs762551]] | increased activity; also known as -163C>A | {{#show:Rs762551|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*1K_-729C>T | [[rs12720461]] | decreased activity | {{#show:Rs12720461|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*1K_-739T>G | [[rs2069526]] | apparently decreased activity | {{#show:Rs2069526|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*2_63C>G | | | |- | CYP1A2*3 | [[rs56276455]] | decreased activity; also known as D348N | {{#show:Rs56276455|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*4 | [[rs72547516]] | decreased activity; also known as I386F | {{#show:Rs72547516|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*5 | [[rs55889066]] | also known as C406Y | {{#show:Rs55889066|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*6 | [[rs28399424]] | decreased activity; also known as R431W | {{#show:Rs28399424|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*7_3534G>A | | decreased activity; may be 3533G>A | |- | CYP1A2*8 | [[rs72547517]] | also known as R456H | {{#show:Rs72547517|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*11 | [[rs72547513]] | also known as F186L, 5% vmax of wild allele | {{#show:Rs72547513|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*15 | [[rs72547511]] | also known as P42R | {{#show:Rs72547511|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2*16 | [[rs72547515]] | also known as R377Q | {{#show:Rs72547515|?On microarray}} |- | CYP1A2_1545T>C | [[rs2470890]] | | {{#show:Rs2470890|?On microarray}} |- |} Promethease detects these via [[gs157]], [[gs158]] and [[gs159]]
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